Thursday, September 5, 2013

GUIDELINES OF PROPHETIC INTERPRETATION

1. The starting point of the study of prophecy is history. The historical circumstances of the time and context
determine if the prophecy is didactic or predictive. All prophecy begins in a historical context. On should determine the historical background of the prophet and his writings. For example to understand Obadiah one must understand the history of Edom. Ramm observes: “that although history is necessary to understand the prophet, and that some historical event occasioned the giving of the prophecy, prophecy is not to be limited to purely historical considerations.”[1]

There is one main error in regard to the relation of prophecy and history. Some say prophecy is a way to write history after the fact. In other words the author writes history as prophecy. This is the liberal or naturalistic view. This is a great error.  In fact if that were true, prophecy would contain more historical details than it actually contains. Prophecy never gives full historical details of an event or prophecy.

2. Determine if the prophecy is predictive or didactic; distinguish between forth-telling and foretelling. The word prophecy comes from two Greek words meaning “to speak for or before.” Forth-telling is exhortation, reproof, correction or instruction. The major job of the prophet was to tell forth the truth of God. It spoke to the times. Foretelling is prediction of future events, either immediate or distant. Tan says “that every fourth verse in the Scripture was predictive when written.[2]

3. If predictive, then determine the fulfilled, unfulfilled, unconditional or conditional elements of the prophecy. Many prophecies are fulfilled either in the New Testament and the Old Testament. If mentioned in the New Testament as fulfilled, you must compare it with the Old Testament passage to see how the New Testament uses the Old Testament passage.

New Testament used the Old Testament in 4 ways:
  • Literally. Example the Virgin Birth. Matthew 1:23.
  • To prove a point or doctrine. John 6:45; Matthew 22:32.
  • To explain a point. Hebrews 12:20
  • To illustrate New Testament truth. Romans 10:6-8, 18.

If fulfilled in history, let history interpret the passage. Example: Daniel 11.

If it is conditional, it may or may not be fulfilled. Zephaniah 2:1-3.

If fulfilled, the problem is difficult. One should be guided by how the passage is fulfilled. Determine the theme that is treated elsewhere and try to get guidance from all the passages regarding it. Example: Day of the Lord.

4. Determine what elements of the prophecy are local. Example: 2 Samuel 7:12-17.

5. Forget about chapter and verse division and look at the whole context. Example: Malachi 2:27 belongs to 3:1. Chapter and verse divisions are somewhat arbitrary and can be misleading. They are not inspired, nor original in the text. Do not let these divisions limit your understanding.

6. Rightly divide the Word (2 Timothy 2:15). This will help you correctly apply the prophecy. Not all prophecy is to you or for you. As Miles Coverdale wrote so long ago: “It shall greatly help ye to understand the Scriptures if thou mark not only what is spoken or written, but of whom and to whom, with what words, at what time, where, to what intent, with what circumstances, considering what goeth before and what followeth after. ”




[1]  Ramm, Bernard, PROTESTANT BIBLICAL INTEPRETATION, W.A.. Wilde Co, Boston, 1956, 229-230,
[2]  Tan, Paul Lee, THE INTRPRETATION OF PROPHECY, BMH Books, Winona Lake, IN, 1974, 25.

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